October is Breast Cancer awareness month and this blog is part of multi-blog series covering different aspects of breast cancer awareness.
When I was 4 years old my Aunt died from breast cancer; The summer before my senior year of high school my best friend’s Mom died from metastatic breast cancer; one of my close friends is a breast cancer survior; I work in oncology research. Cancer, specifically, breast cancer, has impacted us all in some way. We all have a family member or loved one, or know someone through a degree of separation, who has battled breast cancer. Pink October adds hope, the hope for survival and for a cure.
In 2003 there were 125 new cases of breast cancer per 100,000 women. Researchers expect there to be 178,480 new cases of breast cancer in the United States in 2007. Other than skin cancer, breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women and the second most common cause of cancer deaths in women.
What is cancer?
Cancer starts in cells, which make up the tissue and organs in the body. Normally, cells grow and divide to form new cells as the body needs them. When cells grow old, they die, and new cells move in. Sometimes, this process goes wrong. New cells form when the body does not need them, and old cells do not die when they should. These extra cells can form tumors. Tumors can be benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Breast cancer tumors are commonly found in the mammary ducts, lymph nodes, or surrounding breast tissue.
What are my risk factors?
The medical community does not know for certain what causes breast cancer, but researchers have identified a variety of factors that increase one’s risk for breast cancer. The risk factors are: being female, getting older, inherited genetic mutations, family history of breast, ovarian or prostate cancer, high breast density on mammogram, radiation exposure, benign breast disease (hyperplasia), high levels of estrogen in the blood, personal history of breast cancer, menopause at age 55 or older, not having children or having first child after age 35, high bone density, overweight/ weight gain, Ashkenazi Jewish heritage, drinking alcohol, lack of exercise, postmenopausal hormone use, first period before age 12, current or recent use of birth control pills, and not breastfeeding. More information about these risk factors can be found on the Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation website.
Screening and Early Detection
Getting checked regularly is the best way for a woman to lower her risk of mortality from breast cancer. Screening includes self-breast exams, clinical breast exams, and mammograms. You can perform self breast exams every month to become more familiar with your breast tissue. Doing so will increase your ability to recognize changes in your breast tissue, nipples or lymph nodes. It is normal for breasts to feel a little lumpy, but keep in mind that breast composition changes as you age and changes throughout the month depending on your menstrual cycle, artificial hormones, pregnancy, and menopause. Doing your self-breast exam during the same time each month (for example, the week after your menstrual cycle) will decrease some of the natural composition variability in your breast tissue.
A clinical breast exam is done by your healthcare provider. He or she is looking for the same things you are when you are doing your self-exam - differences in size or shape between your breasts, as well as lumps, dimpling or any other abnormal signs. It is recommended that women without any risk factors have annual screening mammograms starting at age 40. If you have a family history of breast cancer, or other risk factors, talk to your health care provider about having a screening mammogram earlier. A mammogram image can help identify tumors, microcalcifications, or other abnormal changes in the breast.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Breast cancer is usually initially suspected by feeling a lump or seeing something suspicious on a mammogram. Most of the time, the lump or suspicious area turns out to not be cancer, but the only way to know for sure is to follow up with more diagnostic tests. A breast MRI offers more detailed pictures of the breast than a mammogram and an ultrasound also gives more detailed information about the composition of a lump. A biopsy, which removes a small amount of tissue or fluid from the lump, also helps to determine if a suspicious lump or area is cancerous. Treatment for breast cancer can include many therapies such as chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, hormone therapy, and emerging or experimental clinical trial therapy.
What can I do?
Right now there are about two and a half million breast cancer survivors in the United States. The chance of a woman having breast cancer at some point during her life is about 1 in 8. The risk of dying from breast cancer is about 1 in 35. However, breast cancer death rates are going down, most likely the result of earlier detection and improved treatment. Be a part of early breast cancer detection and cure!
Every day…Spread the word, exercise and eat healthy meals.
Every month…Do a self breast exam.
Every year…Get a clinical breast exam from your health care provider. If applicable to your age and risk factors, have an annual mammogram.
Download a free self-breast exam ‘how to’ card from the Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation
Sign yourself up for a mammogram reminder from the American Cancer Society
Sources:
Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation
National Cancer Institute
American Cancer Society
1MegMeg




Great post! Thank you for all the information.